What type of blood can u get?

Here is a table that shows what type of blood can each blood type recieve.

For example everyone can recieve 0 negative.
That is why it is in such high demand on Emergency Rooms (ERs).
Ideally eveyone should get blood that matches their blood type!

All types of Eye color!!

Genetics of Eye Color
When it comes down to it your genetics ultimately influences your eye color. While most people consider the basic eye colors to be brown, blue, hazel and green, there are actually many variants. These include:

• Brown Eyes - The most common eye color in the world. Brown eyes range from light brown or honey to almost black. Light brown (or amber) eyes are common in many ethnicities including among Africans, Asians and Caucasians. Genetically brown appears to be more dominant than other eye colors, hence its prevalence.
• Black Eyes - People with very dark colored irises appear to have black eyes. This is more common among Native Americans, Africans and Asians.
• Hazel Eyes - This color combination is a mix of green and brown eyes. Hazel eyes are most common in people of European descent.
• Blue Eyes - Blue eyes are quite rare and are becoming less common. A few generations ago 30% of those born had blue eyes; now that number has decreased to about one in six. This eye color is often found among people of European descent. It is believed that every person with blue eyes shares one common ancestor. Many consider vibrant blue eyes among the more desirable qualities.
• Grey Eyes - Grey eyes are a variant of blue eyes, only much lighter. Grey eyes often include a combination of other tints including light blue or greenish. Still others may have a copper or honey colored ring surrounding the pupil of their eyes. This is a relatively uncommon eye color.
• Green Eyes - Green eyes are among the most rare eye color; only about 2% of people possess green eyes. They are typically found among people with Germanic or Slavic origins. Although green eyes are rare throughout the world, in some countries they are very common. It is said that 80% of people in Iceland have green or blue eyes. Green eyes are much more common in women than in men.
• Violet Eyes - Violet eyes are much less common than green eyes. Many believe violet eyes result when there is not enough pigment in the eye to color the blood vessels so they shine through causing a violet like color.
• Red Eyes - This commonly occurs in people who have a condition called albinism and results when the eye lacks any pigment.

Calculate your children's eye color!

What Color Eyes will your Children Have?

Eye color calculator!!!

http://genetics.thetech.org/online-exhibits/what-color-eyes-will-your-children-have

Eye Color Inheritance!!!

Eye Color Inheritance

Could Eye Color be a Clue To Paternity?

Could you tell if your baby was yours just by looking into their eyes? Maybe. At least, that is what researchers are saying.
A new study conducted by the University of Tromso suggests a child's eye color may reveal their paternity. The human eye, according to the study, reflects a predictable genetic pattern that demonstrates how traits are inherited. The studies, to be published in the journal Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, find that blue-eyed men typically find similarly colored women more attractive than their darker counterparts.
This may be due to an unconscious adaptation men have to detect paternity, related to eye color. What this means is blue-eyed men prefer mating with blue-eyed women because they will produce blue-eyed offspring... which are clearly identifiable as one's own child. A blue-eyed male who mates with a blue-eyed female and has a brown-eyed child may raise a few eyebrows.
This new study confirmed that even today, modern blue-eyed men have a distinct preference for blue-eyed women, even when all other factors are held constant (like the attractiveness of the girl).

Typically geneticists have broken down eye color into the following patterns of inheritance:
1. If both parents are blue eyed then all children are likely to have blue eyes.
2. If both parents have darker eyes, and blue eyes run in their families, then roughly ¼ of the children will have blue eyes and the rest brown.

Typically brown eyes represent a dominate allele thus are more common than blue eyes, which represent a recessive trait. If a child is born with brown eyes and both the mother and the father have blue eyes, then one might conclude the child does not belong to the biological father.

Source: www.eyedoctorguide.com/eye_general/

5 Reasons Not to Use a Baby Walker

Baby walkers are incredibly popular toys, and at least half of parents use baby walkers at one time or another with their children. However, a toy's popularity is not indicative of its safety, and baby walkers pose several risks to babies, both in terms of injury and intellectual and motor development. Baby walkers have been banned in Canada, and the American Academy of Pediatrics wants them banned in the United States. Here are five reasons your baby should not use a walker:
It Interferes With Normal Development
Many parents get their baby a walker hoping that it will help their baby gain better muscle control and keep their baby's mind occupied. The truth is that a walker can actually delay walking because it does not encourage improved strength and muscle control. Walkers, though fun, make it too easy for a baby to move around, which can cripple a baby's natural curiosity and desire to develop his walking skills. Further, a walker prevents your child from crawling and reaching for things, and exploring his environment in the way that comes naturally to him, which can impede intellectual and psychological development.
They Weaken the Legs Walkers don't help babies learn to walk because they strengthen the wrong muscles. Walking requires strong upper legs and a strong back, but walkers strengthen the lower legs and actually weaken the back and lower legs. This means that when your child finally does start walking, she may not be as coordinated and may not have very strong muscles, which of course can lead to injury. Further, there is strong evidence that muscle conditioning very early in life can determine a person's strength for the rest of their life, so allowing a baby to engage in an activity that weakens a group of muscles may have long lasting consequences.
Problems With Head Control Many parents will consider placing a child as young as 4 or 5 months old in a walker. Though these children have gained relatively strong head control, they cannot hold themselves in an upright position reliably, which means a walker can lead to head and neck injuries.
Head Injuries Even if your child is old enough to have the strong muscle control required by a walker, walkers provide your child with access to areas she would not otherwise have access to. Many children have backed up into bookshelves or sharp tables in their walkers. Walkers also have a tendency to get stuck in things and tip over, and your baby's walker can even pull something like a bookshelf over on top of your baby. Estimates are that about 20,000 children each year go to the emergency room due to head injuries caused by walkers. Even if you think you're watching your baby carefully, it only takes a split second for a blow to the head to be catastrophic, and the risk is simply not worth it.
The Risk of Falling Pediatricians began to become concerned about walkers when children started falling down stairs and stoops in them. This is the most obvious and glaring risk of walkers, but even parents who don't have stairs are still subjecting their babies to risks of falls when they put them in a walker. Babies can fall out of the walker when reaching for something. Though a walker may not seem very high, falling out of one or tipping over can be catastrophic.
Though babies may love walkers, the risk to babies of being in a walker is simply too great. Safer alternatives include exersaucers and jumpers, though these still require close supervision. Alternatives to walkers can be just as fun; don't risk your baby's safety and well-being for a few moments to yourself!
Sources:
http://www.babyzone.com/shopping/gear_furniture/article/baby-walkers-pg2
http://www.drgreene.com/qa/baby-walkers
http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/babies-kids/baby-toddler/play-and-activity/walkers/baby-walkers-1105/overview/

CRI-DU-CHAT SYNDROME

What is Cri-du-Chat syndrome? The name of this syndrome is French for "cry of the cat," referring to the distinctive cry of children with this disorder. The cry is caused by abnormal larynx development, one of the many symptoms associated with this disorder. It usually becomes less noticeable as the baby gets older, making it difficult for doctors to diagnose cri-du-chat after age two. Cri-du-chat is caused by a deletion (the length of which may vary) on the short arm of chromosome 5. Multiple genes are missing as a result of this deletion, and each may contribute to the symptoms of the disorder. One of the deleted genes known to be involved is TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase). This gene is important during cell division because it helps to keep the tips of chromosomes (telomeres) in tact. How do people get Cri-du-Chat syndrome? A deletion is caused by a break in the DNA molecule that makes up a chromosome. In most cases, the chromosome break occurs while the sperm or egg cell (the male or female gamete) is developing. When this gamete is fertilized, the child will develop cri-du-chat syndrome. The parent, however, does not have the break in any other cells of the body and does not have the syndrome. In fact, the break is usually such a rare event that it is very unlikely to happen again if the parent has another child. It is possible for a child to inherit a broken chromosome from a parent who also had the disorder. What are the symptoms of Cri-du-Chat syndrome? Babies with cri-du-chat are usually small at birth, and may have respiratory problems. Often, the larynx doesn't develop correctly, which causes the signature cat-like cry. People who have cri-du-chat have very distinctive features. They may have a small head (microcephaly), an unusually round face, a small chin, widely set eyes, folds of skin over their eyes, and a small bridge of the nose. Several problems occur inside the body, as well. A small number of children have heart defects, muscular or skeletal problems, hearing or sight problems, or poor muscle tone. As they grow, people with cri-du-chat usually have difficulty walking and talking correctly. They may have behavior problems (such as hyperactivity or aggression), and severe mental retardation. If no major organ defects or other critical medical conditions exist, life expectancy is normal. How do doctors diagnose cri-du-chat syndrome? Doctors most often identify cri-du-chat by the infant's cat-like cry. Other signs are microcephaly, poor muscle tone, and mental retardation. It is also possible to test for cri-du-chat (and other chromosomal abnormalitites) while the baby is still in its mother's womb. They can either test a tiny sample of tissue from outside the sac where the baby develops (chorionic villus sampling (CVS)), or they can test a sample of the amniotic fluid (amniocentesis). How is cri-du-chat syndrome treated? Although there is no real treatment for cri-du-chat syndrome, children with the disorder can go through therapy to improve their language skills, motor skills, and to help them develop as normally as possible. Interesting facts about cri-du-chat syndrome The geneticist Jerome Lejeune identified cri-du-chat syndrome in 1963. He also discovered the genetic abnormality that causes Down syndrome. Cri-du-chat is one of the most common syndromes caused by a chromosomal deletion. It affects between 1 in 20,000 and 1 in 50,000 babies. In 80 percent of the cases, the chromosome carrying the deletion comes from the father's sperm rather than the mother's egg. When deletions occur during the formation of an egg or sperm, it is caused by unequal recombination during meiosis. Recombination normally occurs between pairs of chromosomes during meiosis while they are lined up at the metaphase plate. If the pairs of chromosomes don't line up correctly, or if the chromosome breaks aren't repaired properly, the structure of the chromosome can be altered. When unequal recombination occurs at this location on chromosome 5, it causes cri-du-chat syndrome.

Where can I go for more information on cri-du-chat syndrome? 5 P Minus Society

Source: http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/disorders/whataregd/cdc/

There is a part of the 5th chromosome pair missing.

Synaesthesia

Synaesthesia: 1 in 2,000 people has an extraordinary condition in which the five senses intermingle

Why some see colours in numbers

There are many types of synaesthesia

US scientists say they can explain why some people 'see' colours when they look at numbers and letters.
As many as one in 2,000 people has an extraordinary condition in which the five senses intermingle, called synaesthesia.
Some see colours when they hear music or words. Others 'taste' words.
The study in Neuron tracked the brain activity of people with the most common form and found peaks in areas involved with perceiving shapes and colours.
Cross-wiring
The University of California San Diego team said their findings lend support to the idea that the condition is due to cross-activation between adjacent areas of the brain involved with processing different sensory information.
This cross-wiring might develop, they believe, by a failure of the "pruning" of nerve connections between the areas as the brain develops while still in the womb.

People with synaesthesia tend to want A to be red, S to be yellow and Z to be black Synaesthesia researcher Dr Julia Simner, of the University of Edinburgh

For example, a person with synaesthesia might see red when they look at an ordinary figure '5' drawn in black ink on a white background because the red colour perception area of their brain is stimulated at the same time as the number recognition area.
The researchers conducted a series of experiments on volunteers with and without synaesthesia.
When the people without synaesthesia looked at letters and numbers only the brain areas involved with processing this information light up on brain activity scans.
In comparison, the people with synaesthesia had activity in colour perception regions as well.
Colour by numbers
Furthermore, some of the people with synaesthesia appeared to be better at 'seeing' colours than the others.
Those who had stronger colour perception had more activity in their colour perception brain areas.
Researcher Vilayanur Ramachandran said processes similar to synaesthesia might also underlie our general capacity for metaphor and be critical to creativity.
"It is not an accident that the condition is eight times more common among artists than the general population."
Dr Julia Simner, who has been studying synaesthesia at the University of Edinburgh along with colleagues at University College London, said the findings were supported by similar work looking at people who see colours when they hear sounds.
"Interestingly, we've recently analysed the letter-colour combinations of a very large number of people with synaesthesia and found that there are significant trends in their preferences.
"For example, people with synaesthesia tend to want A to be red, S to be yellow and Z to be black."
She said her research also revealed that people without synaesthesia have significant preferences for the colours of letters.
"Some of these choices were fairly obvious, such as 'O' being orange, but some were quite intriguing, and showed a similarity to those of people with synaesthesia."
Her findings are currently in press to appear in the journal Cognitive Neuropsychology.
Jennifer Green from the University of Cambridge, who has also been carrying out research in this area, said: "Some describe seeing the colours induced by letters and numbers as projected externally into space, while others report experiencing them internally, or in their 'mind's eye'. "This research lends further support to empirical evidence suggesting that these varying descriptions represent actual differences in the way synaesthesia occurs in individuals." 

Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4375977.stm